Mew tw 1987 current status and future prospects of research on bacterial blight of rice. The disease is caused by the bacterial species xanthomonas translucens pv. Top of page bacterial leaf streak of rice caused by x. A total of 811 rhizospheric bacteria were isolated and screened against 3 prevalent strains of blb pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. To check that bacteria are present in the leaves, cut a leaf across a young streak and place the cut end in a glass of water. Welcom e bacterial leaf blight diseases of rice and their management muhammad ammar bagf14e216 university college of agriculture university of sargodha 2. Research application summary bacterial leaf streak disease of rice. Rice is the seed of the grass species oryza sativa. Frontiers biocontrol of bacterial leaf blight of rice and. Experts warn rice left at room temperature has been found to be vulnerable to a strain of bacteria that causes food poisoning. In the early rice stem borer or the kresek symptom of. Mar 31, 2017 rice facts rice is the staple food of almost half of the worlds population more than 90% of worlds rice is grown and consumed in asia. Bacterial leaf streak disease development and severity is favored by. Through rigorous screening and selection, a number of resistant cultivars have been produced and utilized, but resistance was overcome by the.
Pathogenic bacteria associated with rice seed in the subtropic and the tropic areas. White leafstreak of rice caused by ramularia oryzae sp. There is a need to use environmentally safe approaches to overcome the loss of grain yield in rice due to this disease. A maize resistance gene functions against bacterial streak. Exploring the response of rice oryza sativa leaf to. Rice bacterial blight, also called bacterial blight of rice, deadly bacterial disease that is among the most destructive afflictions of cultivated rice oryza sativa and o. Yield losses are normally less than 10%, but can be up to 40%. Identification of bacterial leaf blight resistance genes. Rice facts rice is the staple food of almost half of the worlds population more than 90% of worlds rice is grown and consumed in asia. Bacterial leaf blight of rice besides disease management, bioagents also stimulate plant growth, even if there is no disease, which results in better yield mishra and sinha, 2000. Through rigorous screening and selection, a number of resistant cultivars have been produced and utilized, but resistance was overcome by the development of mutant strains of. Breeding approaches for bacterial leaf blight resistance in. Approximately 90% of the worlds rice is grown in asia continent and constitutes a staple.
In order to uncover the correlation between the increased growth of rice seedlings and biochemical and physiological changes after application of exogenous ga 3, total protein were extracted from the rice leaf and resolved by 2de. It is the agricultural commodity with the thirdhighest worldwide production, after sugarcane and maize. In the work, an automated system has been developed to classify the leaf brown spot and the leaf blast diseases of rice plant based on the morphological changes of. A field survey of rice bacterial diseases and their causal organisms was conducted in zhejiang, china subtropical and luzon, philippines tropical during 19931998. Keep fields cleanremove weed hosts and plow under rice stubble, straw, rice. To check that bacteria are present in the leaves, cut a leaf across a young streak and. To better understand the response for ga signal, we carried out a proteomic study in rice oryza sativa l.
It was characterized by a dark brown decay of the tillers. The present study aimed to develop inocula, based on native antagonistic bacteria for biocontrol of blb and to increase the. Symptoms of bacterial leaf streak may vary depending on cultivar. Materials and methods incidence and severity of bacterial leaf blight of rice in pakistan three comprehensive surveys of all rice growing zones of pakistan were conducted at the mature grain stage of the crop during 20052007, on annual basis. Plants respond to gas signal through various biochemical and physiological processes. Development of leaf blade and leaf sheath in rice is well coordinated. As the disease progresses, the streaks turn to yellowishgray and transparent. In severe epidemics, crop loss may be as high as 75 percent, and millions of hectares of rice are infected annually. Inoculation and virulence assay for bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak of rice article in methods in molecular biology clifton, n. In vitro antibiosis screening of the bacterial antagonists to x. Bacterial leaf streak is a major bacterial disease of wheat. Genetic diversity of bacterial leaf blight disease in a. The syndrome was similar to the damage caused by the 1977. Bacterial streak is an important disease of rice in asia, and no simply inherited sources of resistance have been identified in rice.
Bacterial cells are discharged on leaf surface at night 3. Oct 18, 2016 irri online resource for rice blast and rice bacterial leaf blightblb. Antagonistic potential of different bioagents against bacterial leaf blight of rice has been reported by several workers. Under severe conditions, this could lead to reduced grain weight due to loss of photosynthetic area. Classification of rice leaf diseases based on morphological.
Bacterial leaf streak occurs in areas with high temperature and high humidity. Recovery plan for xanthomonas oryzae causing bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak of rice june 4, 20 contents page executive summary 2 contributors 4 i. Acrossseason survival of xanthomonas campestris pv. It is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the worlds human population, especially in asia. Management of bacterial leaf blight of rice agropedia.
Jul 30, 2017 bacterial leaf blight of rice is one of the most caustic diseases of rice throughout the world. Bacterial leaf streak is usually not as damaging as bacterial blight, but it is increasing in importance in many areas of the world, particularly southeast asia. Rice diseases, their biology and selective management practices, plant pathology channel. Bacterial foot rot of rice caused erwinia chrysanthemi. Severe disease conditions are usually observed in the early stages of growth. Antagonistic potential of different bioagents against bacterial leaf blight of.
Watersoaked to yellowish stripes on leaf blades or starting at leaf tips then later increase in length and width with a wavy margin 2. Anatomy of stem,root and leaf of rice linkedin slideshare. Studies on bacteriophages of xanthomonas oryzae and xanthomonas translucens f. Mapping of qtls conferring resistance to bacterial leaf. Recently, it has also been reported from east africa. Pdf confirmation of bacterial leaf streak of rice caused by. Despite being very closely related, the pathogens colonize different tissues and cause distinct diseases. Diagnosing bacterial leaf streak of rice plant management network. The inheritance of the resistance of three resistant rice varieties, hashikalmi, dular and 90irbbn44, to s103 isolate of bacterial leaf streak and p1 strain of bacterial leaf blight was analysed. Vera cruz diagnosing bacterial leaf streak of rice. Metabolomic profiling of bacterial leaf blight in rice. Antibacterial activity of two chitosan solutions and their.
Rice landraces of west bengal bipasha roy1, basabdatta das2, manoj prasad3 and tapas kumar ghose4 1, 2, 4 bose institute, 931 apc road kolkata700009, west bengal 3national institute of plant genome research, aruna asaf ali marg, new delhi 110067, india abstract bacterial leaf blight blb is a major disease of rice in tropical. Bacterial leaf blight of rice africa soil health consortium cabi. Plant disease october 2014 volume 98, number 10 table of contents. Planting a resistant variety is the simplest and, often, the most cost effective management for diseases. A wellmarked and distinctive leaf spot of cultivated rice oryza sativa l. Bacterial leaf streak is widely distributed in taiwan, southern china, southeast asian countries, india, and west africa. Apr 17, 2017 bacterial leaf streak bls caused by the gramnegative bacterial pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. Pecky rice kernel spotting damage by bacteria see also under fungal and miscellaneous diseases sheath brown rot pseudomonas fuscovaginae.
Bacterial leaf streak disease bls caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzicola is one of the emergent biotic constraints to rice production in africa. Historical background and geographical distribution of bacterial leaf blight disease of rice 3. High humidity, rain management use resistant varieties balanced fertilization reduce seedling damage maintain shallow water in nurseries. Bacterial leaf streak bls caused by the gramnegative bacterial pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. Bacterial leaf blight in japan classified by virulences lusabn et al. Some symptoms of bacterial leaf blight could be confused with bacterial leaf streak, caused by a different but related bacterium. Among the rice producing countries, bangladesh rank fourth to china, india and indonesia both in acreage and production fao, 2003. Pdf confirmation of bacterial leaf streak of rice caused. However, few bactericidal chemicals are available for controlling both diseases.
Osbglu19 and osbglu23 regulate disease resistance to. The experiments from plants treatment to 2de were carried. The pathogen is found globally, but is a primary problem in the us in the lower midsouth and can reduce yields by up to 40 percent. At this stage, the disease is very similar in appearance to bacterial leaf blight. Rice is the most important and staple food crop for more than two thirds of the population of india. Pdf codeassisted discovery of tal effector targets in. Currently, the use of resistant rice cultivars is the most economical and effective way to combat blb. Pdf bacterial leaf streak bls caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. Introduction to bacterial leaf blight disease of rice 2. The genus xanthomonas, which mostly comprises phytopathogenic bacteria, is a member of the family xanthomonadaceae. Cultural, morphological, biochemical and pathogenic variability 7. Modeling of bacterial leaf blight disease assessment and. Bacterial leaf streak is caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. Frontiers biocontrol of bacterial leaf blight of rice.
Fine mapping of qblsr5a, a qtl controlling resistance to. They are mainly caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Leaf area index is a measure to know the size of photosynthetic machinery of a plant. The disease was first observed in 188485 in kyushu, japan, and the causal agent. Appearance of bacterial ooze that looks like a milky or. Variation in spad values at different growth stages of four rice varieties. Resistance of rice plant to bacterial leaf blight and. Identification of bacterial leaf blight resistance genes in.
The antibacterial properties of two kinds of chitosan with different molecular weights and degrees of n. Biological control of rice bacterial blight by plant. It was first noticed by the farmers in fukuoka prefecture kyushu island, japan, as early as in 188485. To prevent and effectively manage bacterial leaf streak. The rice plant can easily recover at the later growth stages and grain yield losses are minimal. Sciencedirect osbglu19 and osbglu23 regulate disease resistance to bacterial leaf streak in rice li beibei, liu yinggao, wu tao, wang jipeng, xie guirong, chu zhaohui, ding xinhua state key laboratory of crop biologyshandong provincial key laboratory for biology. The loss in yield is due to lower weight of the seed rather than lack of production.
Gibberellins gas are plantspecific hormones that play a central role in the regulation of growth and development with respect to environmental variability. Jan 21, 2014 bacterial leaf blight blb is one of the most serious threats to the rice crop in irrigated and rainfed areas of the world. Studies on rice seed inspection of bacterial leaf streak of rice. Bacterial leaf blight blb of rice, caused by the xanthomonas oryzae pv. White leaf streak is proposed as an apt name for the disease.
Their pathogenicity to rice that led to the development of characteristic leaf blight lesions with wavy margins upon inoculation to leaves of ir24 rice confirmed their identity as bb pathogens. The disease is present in tropical asia, west africa and australia oeppeppo, 2006b. Proteome profile of rice leaf and its changes under application of ga 3. The quantitative trait locus qtl qblsr5a on the short arm of rice oryza sativa l. A bacterial disease of rice, bacterial foot rot,was found injapan in july with a slight pull. Pdf xanthomonas oryzae is one of the most important pathogens of rice oryza sativa ninoliu et al. Genetic diversity of bacterial leaf blight disease in a set. Based on reported cases, yield loss caused by bacterial leaf streak can range from 8. The interaction between xoo and rice is governed by resistance genes in rice and correspond. Bacterial blight quantitative resistance in rice oryza. Bacterial leaf streak bls, also known as black chaff, is a common bacterial disease of wheat. The present study aimed to develop inocula, based on native antagonistic bacteria for. In rice there are 29 major genes for resistance to bacterial blight, but so far only a few quantitative resistance loci for bacterial leaf streak. The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of rice rhizosphere associated antagonistic bacteria for growth promotion and disease suppression of bacterial leaf blight blb.
Bacterial leaf streak of rice infected leaf has narrow, darkgreen, watersoaked streaks of various lengths initially found on the leaf blade during tillering and booting growth stages. Air spaces known as lacuna are formed in the leaf sheath and midrib of the leaf blade. The slogan rice is life is most appropriate for india as this crop plays a vital role in our national food security and is means of livelihood for millions of rural households. In the early rice stem borer or the kresek symptom of bacterial leaf blight. Leftover rice rife with harmful bacteria, experts warn. Irri online resource for rice blast and rice bacterial leaf blightblb. Irri online resource for rice blast and bacterial leaf.
Field guide on major disorders of the rice plant in the philippines. Pdf confirmation of bacterial leaf streak caused by. China india indonesia bangladesh vietnam thailand myanmar philippines the. The diseases are economically important and also serve as model systems for studying. Breeding approaches for bacterial leaf blight resistance. Identification of bacterial leaf blight resistance genes in wild rice of eastern india anil kumar singh 1, ekta dharmraj 1, rohini nayak 1, pawan kumar singh 1, nagendra kumar singh 2 1 department of genetics and plant breeding, institute of agricultural sciences, banaras hindu university, varanasi, india.
Bacterial leaf streak the disease is usually observed during the tillering stage of the rice crop. Bacterial leaf blight blb is one of the most serious threats to the rice crop in irrigated and rainfed areas of the world. Plant growth promotion and suppression of bacterial leaf. Infected plants show browning and drying of leaves. Codeassisted discovery of tal effector targets in bacterial leaf streak of rice reveals contrast with bacterial blight and a novel susceptibility gene. Streaks also occur on the leaf sheaths and the stems of susceptible varieties. Risk of damages due to bacterial leaf streak is variable, but should not be overlooked because there is always a chance of an epidemic.
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